Isingeniso
Ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle, lapho ukuzinikela kwethu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kuhlangabezana nezinselele zokungalindeleki, into eyodwa edingekayo ivamise ukuthatha indawo emaphakathi - inzwa ye-photoelectric.Akuvamile ukuhlangana nesimo lapho le ngxenye ebalulekile ingadonsi isisindo sayo.
Lesi isimo esingalindelekile iningi lethu embonini yokukhanyisa esike labhekana naso - inzwa ivele ingawenzi umsebenzi wayo njengoba bekulindelekile, ilahlekelwe ukusabela kwayo ekuguqulweni kokukhanya, noma ukubambeka esimweni sokudideka esingapheli.Ukuthola indlela yokulungisa inzwa ye-photoelectric engaphenduli kuba yinto ehamba phambili.
Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ubunkimbinkimbi bokusebenza kwezinzwa, sihlole amasu okuvuselela lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile.Ngijoyine ekukhanyiseleni izindlela nemininingwane yokulungisa inzwa ye-photoelectric nokudala isixazululo esinokwethenjelwa nesisebenzayo sokukhanyisa kwangaphandle.
Yiziphi Izinzwa ze-Photoelectric?
Izinzwa ze-Photoelectric ziphakamisa umphumela we-photoelectric - ukukhishwa kwama-electron avela entweni lapho kukhanyiswa ukukhanya.Lezi zinzwa ziqukethe umthombo wokukhanya (imvamisa i-LED), umamukeli (i-photodiode noma i-phototransistor), nezinto zikagesi ezihambisanayo.Ukukhanya okukhishiwe kusebenzisana nento eqondiwe, bese umamukeli abese ethola ukukhanya okuvelayo noma okudlulisiwe.
Basebenza ngokusebenzisa imishayo yokukhanya ukuze babone ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwento.Uma okuthile kuphazamisa ukukhanya, kubangela ukusabela - njengokukhanyisa izibani ephasishi lapho othile edlula.
Izinzwa ze-Photoelectricsebenza ngomgomo wokukhipha i-beam yokukhanya bese uthola ukukhanya okubonisa kucishiwe noma okudlula entweni.Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-by-beam, i-retroreflective, ne-diffuse.
Izinzwa ze-Byth-beam
Kulokhu kumisa, i-transmitter ehlukile nomamukeli kubekwa ngokuphambene.Ukutholwa kwenzeka lapho into iphazamisa indlela eqondile phakathi kwazo, okubangela ushintsho ekukhanyeni okwamukelwe.Empeleni, kukhona i-transmitter ngakolunye uhlangothi nomamukeli ngakolunye.Into itholwa uma iphazamisa i-beam phakathi kwazo.
Izinzwa Retroreflective
Lapha, isidlulisi nomamukeli kubekwa ndawonye, nesibonisi esibekwe ebangeni elithile.Inzwa ithola into uma iphazamisa indlela yokukhanya ebonisiwe phakathi kwenzwa nesibonisi.
Sabalalisa Izinzwa
Lezi zinzwa zihlanganisa i-transmitter nomamukeli endlini eyodwa.Ukukhanya okukhiphayo kukhombisa ngaphandle kwento futhi kubuyela emuva kunzwa.Uma ukuqina kushintsha ngenxa yobukhona bento, inzwa iyayibhalisa.Ukutholwa kwento kusekelwe ezinguqukweni zokuqina kokukhanya okutholiwe okubangelwa into.
Mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza, lezi zinzwa zitholakala cishe yonke indawo, kusukela ezishintshayo zezimboni kuya kugajethi yansuku zonke.Ezimbonini, zisiza ekuphatheni impahla ngokuthola izinto ezikumabhande okuthutha.Asetshenziswa kakhulu kumakheshi, kumasistimu okuvikela, kanye nama-smartphones akho ukuze uthole i-proximity sensor.
Izinzwa zezithombe zikagesi zidlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, zinikeza isixazululo esiguquguqukayo sokuthola nokuqapha izinto.Ukubaluleka kwazo kusekhonweni lazo lokuhlinzeka ngezinzwa ezinokwethenjelwa nezisebenza kahle ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sezinzwa ze-photoelectric ukunemba kwazo ekutholweni kwento.Ngokungafani nezinye izinzwa zendabuko, lezi zisetshenziswa zingakwazi ukubona izinto kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyini, umbala, noma izici ezingaphezulu.Lokhu kuguquguquka kubenza babaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza lapho ukutholwa kwento okunembile kubaluleke kakhulu.
Esikhathini sokuzenzakalelayo, izinzwa ze-photoelectric zifaka isandla kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle.Adlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezizenzakalelayo ngokuqinisekisa ukuma kwento okunembile, ukuhlunga, nokulawula ikhwalithi.Leli zinga lokunemba linciphisa amaphutha, linciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi ekugcineni lithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kukonke.
Njenganoma yini enye, izinzwa ze-photoelectric zinezinzuzo nezingozi zazo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zithembekile, ziyashesha, futhi ziyahlukahluka.Ziyakwazi ukuphatha izinto ezihlukahlukene futhi azithintwa umbala.Kodwa-ke, angazwela ezimweni zemvelo njengothuli noma ukukhanya okuzungezile.
Izinkinga Ezivamile Ngezinzwa ze-Photoelectric
Nakuba zisebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene, izinzwa ze-photoelectric zisengozini yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwazo.Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zihlanganisa:
Izinselele Zokuzwela
Inkinga eyodwa evamile ivela ekushintshashintsheni kokuzwela.Izinto zangaphandle ezifana nothuli, umswakama, nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kungaphazamisa ikhono lenzwa lokuthola ngokunembile izinguquko ekukhanyeni, okuholela ekufundweni okungathembekile.
Izinkinga Zokuqondanisa
Ukuqondanisa okunembile kubalulekile ukuze lezi zinzwa zisebenze kahle.Ukungaqondani kahle phakathi komthumeli kanye nomamukeli kungase kubangele ukufundwa okungalungile, kudale isidingo sokuma ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungafani kokusebenza.
Ukuphazamiseka Kokukhanya Kwe-Ambient
Ukukhanya kwe-ambient okweqile kubangela usongo olukhulu kuzinzwa ze-photoelectric.Uma ukukhanya kwe-ambient kudlula ama-threshold adizayinelwe inzwa, kungase kuhumushe ngephutha lokhu kukhanya okwengeziwe njengesignali ehlosiwe, kubangele ukudideka namaphutha angaba khona.
Iziphazamiso Ezihlukahlukene
Ukukhuluma okuphambene, okufana nokuphazanyiswa kwesignali, kwenzeka lapho amasignali asuka kunzwa eyodwa ephazamisa izinzwa ezingomakhelwane.Lokhu kugxambukela kungase kuhlanekezele ukufunda, kwethule okunembayo futhi kube nzima ukusebenza kukonke kwenethiwekhi yezinzwa.
Izinkinga Zokuhlinzekwa Kwamandla
Izinkinga ezihlobene namandla ngokuvamile azinakwa kodwa zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinzwa.Ukungatholakali kwamandla okwanele kungaholela ekusebenzeni okuncane, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqapha nokugcina umthombo wamandla ongaguquki ukuze kusebenze kahle izinzwa.
Ngenkathiizinzwa photoelectriczinikeza ukusebenza okubalulekile, ukuqonda kanye nokubhekana nokuzwela, ukuqondanisa, ukukhanya okuzungezile, inkulumo-mpikiswano, nezindaba zokuphakelwa kwamandla kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukwethembeka kwakho nokuqinisekisa ukutholwa kwedatha okunembile ezinhlelweni ezihlukene.
Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wokuxazulula Inkinga
Uma ngabe inzwa yakho kagesi wesithombe ingasebenzi kahle, ukulandela lo mhlahlandlela wesinyathelo nesinyathelo kuzokusiza ukukulungisa.Umhlahlandlela uhlola ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga okuguquguqukayo kwezinzwa ze-photoelectric, kubhekwana nobunkimbinkimbi bobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nokudidayo kwazo kokusebenza.Inhloso ukuxilonga ngendlela ehlelekile futhi kulungiswe izinkinga ezingase zithiye ukusebenza kahle kwezinzwa.
Isinyathelo 1: Ukuhlola Amandla
Qalisa inqubo yokuxazulula inkinga ngokwenza i-voltage kanye nokuhlaziya kwamanje ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi inzwa ye-photoelectric ithola ukunikezwa kwamandla okucacisiwe ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okubekiwe.Sebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa anembayo ukuze ufunde okunembile.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Hlanza Izingxenye Zangaphakathi
Yenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwezingxenye zenzwa ye-emitter ne-receiver.Sebenzisa isibonakhulu esinokulungiswa okuphezulu ukuze uhlonze futhi uqede ukungcola okungama-microscopic, uqinisekise indlela yokubona engavimbekile.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Hlola ukuqondanisa
Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuqondanisa i-laser namathuluzi okulinganisa ukunemba ukuze uhlole futhi ulungise ukungaboni ngaso linye kwe-angular phakathi kwenzwa ye-photoelectric nezibonisi.Sebenzisa izibalo ze-trigonometric ukuze uqinisekise ukuqondanisa okunembayo ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana kwe-angular.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Hlola amakhebuli
Qasha abahloli bezintambo futhiama-multimetersukuhlaziya ubuqotho bengqalasizinda yekhebula yenzwa.Linganisa ukuqhubeka kwesignali, ukumelana nokufakwa kwensimbi, kanye nempumelelo yokuvikela ukuze uhlonze futhi ulungise noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nekhebula.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Ukuhlola Imvelo
Yenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwemvelo usebenzisa izinzwa ezikhethekile kanyeabagawuli bedatha.Gada izinga lokushisa, umswakamo, namazinga okukhanya we-ambient ukuze uhlonze izici zemvelo ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinzwa.Sebenzisa izinyathelo zokulungisa ezisekelwe kudatha eqoqiwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-6: Ukulinganisa
Bheka imibhalo yobuchwepheshe yenzwa ukuze wenze inqubo yokulinganisa kabusha.Sebenzisa imishini yokulinganisa ethuthukisiwe njengeama-spectrometerskanye namathuluzi wokuqondanisa anemba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okukhiphayo kwenzwa kuhambisana namapharamitha wokulinganisa acacisiwe.
Lo mhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe oklanywe ngokucophelela unikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile zenzwa yesithombe sikagesi.Nokho, cabanga ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe nezinsiza ezitholakalayoI-Chiswearukuze uthole eminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe noma usizo.
Isifinyezo
Ekulungiseni inzwa ye-photoelectric engasebenzi, indlela ye-methodical yokuxazulula inkinga iba semqoka.Qalisa inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuhlolisisa ubuqotho bokunikezwa kwamandla futhi uqinisekise ukuqondanisa kwenzwa okunembayo. Qhubeka wenze ukuhlola okucophelelayo ukuze uthole izithiyo ezingaba khona noma imithelela yemvelo engase iphazamise ukusebenza kwezinzwa.Ngena ebunkingeni bezilungiselelo zokuzwela, uqinisekise ukulinganisa okuphelele okuhambisana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.Ngale ndlela yokuxazulula inkinga ehlelekile, ungakwazi ukulungisa inzwa yakho kagesi wesithombe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-02-2024